lundi 22 août 2011

آسید نا! زمان تو دیر شده ست
افتادنتان به حکمِ تقدیر شده ست
آن تخمِ شقاوتی که بر کاشت امام
خود سر نزده، بحکمِ ما پیر شده ست

انگار شرابِ غم بجام افتاده ست
بر پوزهِ زورگو لگام افتاده ست
دیروز اگر نوبت قذافی بود
فردا بینی «اسد» بدام افتاده ست!

گویا بن علی سر خطِ افتادن بود
اسقاطِ مبارک، غمِ بی شیون بود
در کوزه فتاد «درزی» از خیزشِ خلق
قذافیِ ما، که گاوِ گاو آهن بود

تا جغدِ «معمر» از سرِ بام پرید
بشار اسد در غمِ او جامه درید
بر قلبِ «علی صالحِ» ما غصه رسید
آسید علی از ترس به تنبانش رید!

پایان آمد فصلِ شما ، سید نا
نه! گفت غریو توده ها، سید نا
این معرکهِ فریب بر باد رود
بیهوده زنید دست و پا، سید نا !

lundi 15 août 2011

st updated at 10:03 BST, Friday, 12 August 2011

Earth-orbit ‘sweeper’ proposed

Summary

12 August 2011

The Space Age has left the Earth's orbit littered with debris that can endanger the life of astronauts and damage satellites. Now a researcher at the Italian Space Agency has proposed a series of automated 'sweepers' to start cleaning up.

Reporter:
Jason Palmer

More than 17,000 pieces of space debris are floating around the Earth

Listen

Click to hear the report:

Report

After a half century of successes in space, low-Earth orbit has become a very messy place.

More than 17,000 pieces of space junk bigger than a hand's breadth are floating around up there; the largest of them weighs nearly ten tonnes.

The debris poses a growing risk to communication satellites and occasionally manned space missions. As time goes on catastrophic collisions become more likely, which would create even more debris.

Marco Castronuovo has a simple plan to solve the problem, starting with the largest, heaviest threats. He's proposed sending up a robotic mission that will skip between chunks of junk, affixing a little rocket to each one that will drive them out of orbit. The debris would then burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere over an ocean.

Each orbital housekeeper could clean up five objects a year, and would be sent on a seven-year mission.

It's a slow but straightforward solution to a problem that could otherwise leave low-Earth orbit completely unusable.

Jason Palmer, BBC News

Listen

Click to hear the vocabulary:

Vocabulary

Show All | Hide All

messy: untidy
space junk: fragments of space travel leftovers that encircle the Earth
a hand's breadth: the width from thumb to little finger of a hand spread open
manned space missions: spaceships with astronauts on board
threats: items that could cause a collision
skip: move between the objects
harmlessly: not causing any damage
orbital housekeeper: device that circles the Earth and 'cleans' the area
straightforward solution: uncomplicated answer to the problem
unusable: unfit to use

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Words and Their Stories

04 December 2010

Words and Their Stories: Money, Part 1

Double-click any word to find the definition in the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary

Or download MP3 (Right-click or option-click and save link)

Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.

I think people everywhere dream about having lots of money. I know I do. I would give anything to make money hand over fist. I would like to earn large amounts of money. You could win a large amount of money in the United States through lotteries. People pay money for tickets with numbers. If your combination of numbers is chosen, you win a huge amount of money – often in the millions. Winning the lottery is a windfall.

A few years ago, my friend Al won the lottery. It changed his life. He did not have a rich family. He was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth. Instead, my friend was always hard up for cash. He did not have much money. And the money he did earn was chicken feed – very little.

Sometimes Al even had to accept hand-outs, gifts from his family and friends. But do not get me wrong. My friend was not a deadbeat. He was not the kind of person who never paid the money he owed. He simply pinched pennies. He was always very careful with the money he spent. In fact, he was often a cheapskate. He did not like to spend money. The worst times were when he was flat broke and had no money at all.

One day, Al scraped together a few dollars for a lottery ticket. He thought he would never strike it rich or gain lots of money unexpectedly. But his combination of numbers was chosen and he won the lottery. He hit the jackpot. He won a great deal of money.

Al was so excited. The first thing he did was buy a costly new car. He splurged on the one thing that he normally would not buy. Then he started spending money on unnecessary things. He started to waste it. It was like he had money to burn. He had more money than he needed and it was burning a hole in his pocket so he spent it quickly.

When we got together for a meal at a restaurant, Al paid every time. He would always foot the bill, and pick up the tab. He told me the money made him feel like a million dollars. He was very happy.

But, Al spent too much money. Soon my friend was down and out again. He had no money left. He was back to being strapped for cash. He had spent his bottom dollar, his very last amount. He did not even build up a nest egg. He had not saved any of the money.

I admit I do feel sorry for my friend. He had enough money to live like a king. Instead, he is back to living on a shoestring -- a very low budget. Some might say he is penny wise and pound foolish. He was wise about small things, but not about important things.

(MUSIC)

WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, in VOA Special English, was written by Jill Moss. I’m Faith Lapidus.

Words and Their Stories: Money, Part 3

Double-click any word to find the definition in the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary

Or download MP3 (Right-click or option-click and save link)

Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.

Most people enjoy working for several reasons. Their job might be fun, or they like their employer and the other people at work. Most people I know, however, work for the money. I do not know anyone who is loaded, or extremely rich. Most of my friends work to earn enough money to live. They have to make ends meet. They have to earn enough money to pay for the things they need. Some even live from hand to mouth. They only have enough money for the most important things.

They struggle to earn enough money to bring home the bacon. It can be difficult to earn enough money for a family to survive. Sometimes, poor people even get caught short. They do not have enough money to pay for what they need.

Or they have to spend or lay out more money than they want for something. When this happens, poor people have to tighten their belts and live on less money than usual. I hate when I have to live on less money. It takes me longer to get back on my feet, or return to good financial health.

However, other people are on the gravy train. They get paid more money than their job is worth. These people make a bundle. They really rake in the cash. In fact, they make so much money that they can live high off the hog. They own the best of everything and live in great ease. Sometimes they pay an arm and a leg for something.

Because money is no object to wealthy people, they will pay high prices for whatever they want. Sometimes, they even pay through the nose. They pay too much for things.

I am not rich. I did not make a killing in the stock market when my stocks increased in value. Yet, I am not poor either. When I go out with friends, I do not want to shell out or pay a lot of money. Often, my friends and I will chip in or pay jointly for a fun night out. When we go to restaurants the meal is Dutch treat. Each person pays his or her own share.

Once, the owner of a restaurant gave us a dinner on the house. We did not have to pay for our meals. However, I admit that we had to grease someone’s palm. We had to pay money to the employee who led us to our table. The money was for a special request. Yes, it was a buy off. The employee put us at the top of the list for a table instead of making us wait like everyone else. We had a great time that night and the meal did not set me back at all. I did not have to pay anything.

Because of that experience, I will always remember that nice things still happen in a world that is driven by money. But, that is just my two cents worth. It is just my opinion.

(MUSIC)

WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, in VOA Special English, was written by Jill Moss. I’m Faith Lapidus

Words and Their Stories: Money, Part 2

Double-click any word to find the definition in the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary

Or download MP3 (Right-click or option-click and save link)

Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.

Many people believe that money makes the world go around. Others believe that money buys happiness. I do not agree with either idea. But I do admit that money can make people do strange things. Let me tell you about a person I once knew who liked to play card games for money. He liked to gamble.

My friend Bob had a problem because he liked to gamble at all costs. He would play at any time and at any price. To take part in a card game such as poker, my friend would have to ante up. He would have to pay a small amount of money at the beginning of the game.

Bob always played with cold, hard cash -- onlycoins and dollar bills. Sometimes my friend would clean up. He would win a lot of money on one card game. He liked to tell me that one day he would break the bank. What a feeling it must be to win all of the money at a gambling table!

Other times my friend would simply break even. He neither won nor lost money. But sometimes Bob would lose his shirt. He would lose all the money he had. He took a beating at the gambling table. When this happened, my friend would have to go in the hole. He would go into debt and owe people money.

Recently, Bob turned to crime after losing all his money. In his job, he kept the books for a small business. He supervised the records of money earned and spent by the company. Although my friend was usually honest, he decided to cook the books. He illegally changed the financial records of the company. This permitted him to make a fast buck. My friend made some quick, easy money dishonestly.

I never thought Bob would have sticky fingers. He did not seem like a thief who would steal money. But, some people will do anything for love of money.

Bob used the money he stole from his company to gamble again. This time, he cashed in. He made a lot of money. Quickly he was back on his feet. He had returned to good financial health. His company, however, ended up in the red. It lost more money than it earned. The company was no longer profitable.

It did not take long before my friend’s dishonesty was discovered. The company investigated and charged him with stealing. Bob tried to pass the buck. He tried to blame someone else for the deficit. His lie did not work, however. He ended up in jail. Today, I would bet my bottom dollar that my friend will never gamble again. I would bet all I have that he learned his lesson about gambling.

(MUSIC)

WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, in VOA Special English, was written by Jill Moss. I’m Faith Lapidus.

earning English - Words in the News

26 December, 2007 - Published 14:04 GMT

Russia orders British Council closures

Russian government has ordered the British Council to close down virtually its entire operation in Russia by January the first. It's accused the British Council of operating illegally - a charge the Council denies. This report from Richard Galpin:

Listen to the story

A spokesman for the Russian foreign ministry said all fifteen regional offices of the British Council would have to suspend their activities from next month. These include the new office in St Petersburg opened by Tony Blair last year. Only the headquarters in Moscow will be allowed to continue operating.

The Russian government has given a whole raft of reasons, including that the British Council has no legal basis for its work in the country and that it has violated tax laws. But the Council says it's fully compliant with all tax requirements and says it operates in Russia on the basis of an agreement signed in the 1990s.

It seems the real reason for this action is Russia's continuing anger at the expulsion of its diplomats from London last July over the Litvinenko affair. Now relations between Moscow and London are about to take yet another turn for the worse.

Richard Galpin, BBC, Moscow

Listen to the words

spokesman
a person who speaks for another person or group

suspend
stop (usually temporarily)

headquarters
the centre of operations of an organisation

operating
running or continuing business

whole raft of
a number of, a range of

violated
broken (especially law)

compliant
obeying, following the regulation

expulsion
driving out, sending out

diplomats
people representing a country in negotiations with other countries

take yet another turn
become

vendredi 5 août 2011

http://dictionnaire.reverso.net/anglais-francais/back%20then

back then معنی

Réponse: Back then de alili, postée le 03-07-2008 à 16:49:06 (S | E)
"Back then" signifie "à l'époque", en référence à un temps passé.

Exemple :
Things were different in the 50s. Back then life didn't seem so hectic.
Les choses étaient différentes dans les années 50. A l'époque, la vie semblait moins frénétique.

NB : on peut aussi remplacer "then" par une année ou une décennie : "Back in the 80s", "back in 1965"... Dans ce cas, cela signifie simplement "dans les années 80", "en 1965", avec une insistance particulière sur le fait que c'est une époque passée, révolue.

jeudi 4 août 2011

http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/guide

mardi 2 août 2011

Learning English - Words in the News

21 December, 2006 - Published 13:45 GMT

The Christmas Wars


	A Christmas tree

At this time of year in the United States a public and often angry debate takes place over religion and free speech. This year is no different. This report from Jane Little

Listen to the story

Tis the season for the annual battles that have been dubbed ‘The Christmas Wars’. Across the states from city halls to classrooms there are disputes over the display of symbols associated with the Christian festival.

This year the talkshows seized upon a decision by the airport authorities in Seattle to remove all Christmas trees because a Jewish rabbi threatened to sue them if they didn't also display a menorah - a religious symbol for the Jewish festival of Hannukkah that coincides with the Christmas season. There was an outcry, the rabbi insisted he never wanted the trees removed and they were replaced when the lawsuit threat was withdrawn.

Ironically the Christmas tree is a secular symbol that has nothing to do with the story of the birth of Christ. But such facts don't get in the way of a heated battle over the soul of the nation. One side argues that religious liberty is at stake in a Christian country, the other that the constitutional separation of church and state is under threat. In recent years public companies have preferred to play it safe and to wish their employees and customers an inoffensive Happy Holidays.

But this year Christmas has made a comeback - perhaps due to a feeling that religion got too squeezed out of the public square or maybe because the society is now more secure in its pluralism. Whatever the reason shoppers are being wished a Merry Christmas, the stores apparently confident that such greetings won't drive them out of the door empty-handed.

Jane Little, BBC, USA

Listen to the words

Tis
It is (note: old English, now rarely used)

dubbed
called

seized upon
used (something because it gave you an opportunity to do something)

secular
non religious

a heated battle
an angry argument

the soul of the nation
here, the choice of religion of most people in that country

at stake
at risk (here, there is a chance that the freedom to celebrate your religion could be lost)

under threat
at risk

to play it safe
do something that will not offend or upset anyone

a comeback
a successful attempt to become important again

آموزش زبان انگلیسی ماه ژوییه 2011

Last updated at 11:02 BST, Monday, 01 August 2011

Air France crash. Who's to blame?

Brazilian Navy officers recovering debris from Air France flight 447 (Image: HO/AFP/Getty Images)

Brazilian Navy officers recovering debris from the Air France plane in 2009 (Image: HO/AFP/Getty Images)

Summary

1 August 2011

France's flight accident investigation bureau has indicated that pilot error may have played a part in the crash of an Air France flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris two years ago. The Airbus A330 fell more than 35,000 feet into the Atlantic ocean, killing all 228 on board.

Reporter:
Hugh Schofield.

Listen

Click to hear the report

Report

This is not the final report into the causes of the crash, but with the new evidence from the flight recorders, it's the most substantial analysis to date - and what's new is a clear signal from the investigators that pilot error may have been partly to blame.

The initial problem it's now certain was the failure of outside speed monitors, which froze over. But in response to that, the bureau says, the three man crew failed to take the correct steps.

The 32 year-old co-pilot who was at the controls kept the plane on an upward trajectory, which caused the plane to stall. But even though a warning then sounded for nearly a minute, at no point, says the report, did the crew formally identify a stall situation.

No announcement was made to the passengers as the plane then plunged for three and a half minutes before hitting the sea.

The shifting of blame towards the pilots - and by implication away from the machinery of the plane - is a highly sensitive matter, and Air France has already reacted angrily.

It says there's no cause to question the professionalism of its crew, and pointing the finger at the manufacturer, Airbus, it says that confusing signals from the stall alarm system in the cockpit hindered the pilots in their task of analysing the crisis.

Hugh Schofield, BBC News

Listen

Click to hear the words

Vocabulary

Show All | Hide All

substantial analysis: thorough examination of the cause
pilot error: mistakes by the people flying the plane
speed monitors: equipment which measures how fast the plane is travelling
an upward trajectory: a curved path going higher
to stall: to make an engine stop by accident
plunged: fell suddenly from a great height
the shifting of blame: the moving of responsibility
by implication: by suggestion
pointing the finger at: suggesting the blame lay with
hindered: limited the ability of

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dimanche 31 juillet 2011

Jordan launches largest online antiquities catalogue.Summary

Jordan launches largest online antiquities catalogue.Summary
18 April 2011

The newest and biggest online database of historic objects in the world has been launched in Jordan. The Middle Eastern Geodatabase for Antiquities, Mega, has information on all of Jordan's 11,000 historic sites.

Reporter
Dale Gavlak
Report
Lying at the crossroads of three continents, Jordan hosts a number of World Heritage sites. The most famous is the spectacular 2,000 year-old rose rock city of Petra, which draws some one million tourists every year. But the country also is chock full of other historic sites dating from the Neolithic Age, through Biblical times to the Crusades and Ottoman times.

The online system will define the boundaries of each Jordanian site, which is key to preventing urban encroachment on antiquities zones. Government authorities can use the system to plan strategies for research and tourism development. Meanwhile, field inspectors can quickly report theft or damage by those visiting the sites.

Mega is expected to be used elsewhere, particularly in neighbouring Iraq, which has witnessed wide-scale damage and theft of its extensive archaeological treasures.

Dale Gavlak, BBC News, Amman

Vocabulary
Show All Hide All
at the crossroads of
at the meeting point of

hosts
is home to

draws
attracts

chock full of
packed with

key to
essential in

urban encroachment
the expansion of towns and cities into areas where people do not normally live

antiquities zones
sites where items of historical importance have been dug up

field inspectors
here, experts who visit and study historic sites

neighbouring
directly next to, or adjoining

witnessed
here, experienced

Jordan launches largest online antiquities catalogue.Summary

عنوان درس: اردن بزرگترین کاتالوگ آثار باستانی را در اینترنت منتشر کرد

20 avril 2011
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
اردن جدیدترین و بزرگترین بانک اطلاعاتی آنلاین در جهان را که در باره اشیای تاریخی است، وارد شبکه جهانی اینترنت کرده است. در این بانک اطلاعاتی آنلاین که نام مخفف آن "مگا" است، (Middle Eastern Geodatabase for Antiquities)، اطلاعات در مورد تمام یازده هزار مکان تاریخی اردن یافت می شود.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
Lying at the crossroads of three continents, Jordan hosts a number of World Heritage sites. The most famous is the spectacular 2,000 year-old rose rock city of Petra, which draws some one million tourists every year. But the country also is chock full of other historic sites dating from the Neolithic Age, through Biblical times to the Crusades and Ottoman times.

The online system will define the boundaries of each Jordanian site, which is key to preventing urban encroachment on antiquities zones. Government authorities can use the system to plan strategies for research and tourism development. Meanwhile, field inspectors can quickly report theft or damage by those visiting the sites.

Mega is expected to be used elsewhere, particularly in neighbouring Iraq, which has witnessed wide-scale damage and theft of its extensive archaeological treasures.

Dale Gavlak, BBC News, Amman

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
at the crossroads of
در محل تلاقی، در تقاطع

hosts
میزبان ... است

draws
در اینجا: جلب می کند

chock full of
مملو است از

key to
برای ... مهم است

urban encroachment
گسترش شهرها به نواحی که معمولا خالی از سکنه است

antiquities zones
اماکن باستانی، نقاطی که اشیای عتیقه در آن کشف شده است

field inspectors
در اینجا: کارشناسان اماکن تاریخی

neighbouring
همجوار، در همسایگی

witnessed
شاهد بود، مشاهده کرد

Future of US space travel uncertain.Summary

Future of US space travel uncertain.Summary
9 September 2009

A White House panel of independent space experts has raised serious doubts about NASA's plan to revisit the Moon, or to send astronauts to Mars. It says the current annual budget of $18 bn is simply not enough to fund exploration beyond the Earth.

Reporter:
Jonathan Beale
Report
Five years ago President Bush set out his lofty vision of sending astronauts back to the Moon by the year 2020. It was meant to be the staging post for the next frontier - a manned landing on Mars. Now a panel of space experts says that's pretty much pie in the sky.

Their report, commissioned by President Obama, says the current US human spaceflight programme appears to be on an unsustainable trajectory. It suggests the only way forward is to increase the funding of NASA by billions of dollars, or to co-operate with private companies now embarking on commercial space flights.

The panel says visits to Near-Earth Objects such as asteroids are far more realistic too. The experts also argue for keeping the International Space Station going till 2020, rather than pulling the plug in six years' time.

Jonathan Beale, BBC News, Washington

Vocabulary
Show All Hide All
set out
displayed or showed plans for

lofty vision
an ambitious plan

staging post
a place where stops are made on long journeys (here, the Moon before travelling on to Mars)

next frontier
a part of space which has not been previously explored

a panel
a team of people (usually professionals or experts) who make decisions

pie in the sky
an expression meaning that something which you hope will happen is, in fact, very unlikely

on an unsustainable trajectory
on a path or following a plan which cannot be continued or completed

embarking
starting on something new

asteroids
one of many rocky objects of various sizes which circle the sun

pulling the plug
prevent from continuing

Future of US space travel uncertain.Summary

Future of US space travel uncertain

15 sep 2009

عنوان درس: آینده سفر فضایی آمریکا نامعلوم است

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
تیمی از کارشناسان فضایی مستقل کاخ سفید آمریکا، در مورد برنامه ناسا برای رفتن مجدد به کره ماه یا فرستادن فضانوردان به کره مریخ ابراز تردید جدی کرده اند. این تیم می گوید بودجه سالانه کنونی که 18 میلیارد دلار است برای تامین هزینه این برنامه های فضایی، بهیچوجه کافی نیست.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
Five years ago President Bush set out his lofty vision of sending astronauts back to the Moon by the year 2020. It was meant to be the staging post for the next frontier - a manned landing on Mars. Now a panel of space experts says that's pretty much pie in the sky.

Their report, commissioned by President Obama, says the current US human spaceflight programme appears to be on an unsustainable trajectory. It suggests the only way forward is to increase the funding of NASA by billions of dollars, or to co-operate with private companies now embarking on commercial space flights.

The panel says visits to Near-Earth Objects such as asteroids are far more realistic too. The experts also argue for keeping the International Space Station going till 2020, rather than pulling the plug in six years' time.

Jonathan Beale, BBC News, Washington

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
set out
تشریح شد، بیان شد

lofty vision
یک طرح بلندپروازانه

staging post
مرحله، ایستگاه، منزل

next frontier
در اینجا: مرحله بعدی، مرز بعدی

a panel
تیمی که معمولا از افراد حرفه ای یا کارشناس که اجازه تصمیم گیری دارند، تشکیل می شود

pie in the sky
اصطلاحی است که هنگامی به کار برده می شود که احتمال اتفاقی که امیدواریم بیافتد بسیار کم است

on an unsustainable trajectory
در مسیر غیر قابل تداوم

embarking
در اینجا: شروع کردن، دست زدن به

asteroids
سیارک ها

pulling the plug
مانع ادامه کاری شدن، متوقف کردن

t

Clijsters wins US Open

22 sep 2009

عنوان درس: کلایسترز مسابقه نهایی تنیس آزاد آمریکا (در بخش زنان) را برد

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
کیم کلایسترز، تنیس باز بلژیکی که دو سال بازی تنیس را کنار گذاشته بود پس از بازگشت، برای دومین بار موفق به کسب جایزه مسابقه نهایی تنیس آزاد آمریکا در بخش مسابقات انفرادی زنان شده است. رقیب قهرمان سابق جهان، کارولاین وزنیاکی، تنیس باز دانمارکی بود که کیم کلایسترز، او را 5-7 و 3-6 شکست داد.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
What a story. What a player. In May this year Kim Clijsters stepped on to Centre Court at Wimbledon, a retired player invited for a gentle workout in an exhibition to test the new roof.

Four months on she's the US Open champion. As comebacks go, there are very few to match it across any sport.

The Belgian took two years out of the game during which time she got married and had a baby daughter. Incredibly, this is only her third event back.

The final itself was of high calibre, full of outstanding rallies, great excitement and smiles on each side of the net. It was the perfect antidote to Serena Williams' shameful shenanigans.

Alastair Eykyn, BBC News, New York

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
stepped on to
قدم به ......( زمین بازی) گذاشت

retired
بازنشسته

a gentle workout
تمرینات بدنی نرم و سبک

as comebacks go, there are very few to match it across any sport
این مورد بسیار نادر است که ورزشکاری که مدتی کنار رفته بوده پس از بازگشت بتواند تا این حد موفق باشد

her third event back
سومین مسابقه ای که پس از بازگشت داشته

final
نهایی

of high calibre
با مهارت و توانایی زیاد

antidote to
این کلمه در اصل به معنی پاد زهر است ولی در اینجا به معنی تسکین وآسودگی خاطر (تماشاچیان) است

shenanigans
حقه و کلک، کارهای سئوال برانگیز

Peruvian mummy found.Summary

Peruvian mummy found.Summary
16 September 2009

A joint Japanese-Peruvian archaeological mission has uncovered the remains of a woman who they believe was killed as a sacrifice, almost 3,000 years ago in Peru.

Reporter:
Dan Collyns
Report
At close to 3,000 years old, scientists were amazed at how well preserved the remains were. The woman, named the 'Lady of Pacopampa' after the site in the northern highlands where she was found, stood at just over one and a half metres tall.

She was discovered surrounded by gold necklaces, pendants and ceramics. Archaeologists were also surprised to find jewellery made from seashells as the site where she was found in the Andean Cajamarca region is several hundred miles from the coast and there was little previous evidence of trade between the two areas.

Although the circumstances of her death are still unclear, the Japanese researcher leading the dig, Yuji Seki, said her bones were found in the foetal position with the legs bound by a cord. He added that she was between 30 and 40 years old when she died, considerably older than most mummified bodies found in Peru.

Archaeologists believe the Pacopampa area where she was found was an important ceremonial site, contemporary with the better-known Chavin and Cupisnique cultures.

Dan Collyns, BBC News, Lima

Vocabulary
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how well preserved the remains were
how little the dead body had been destroyed or decayed

pendants and ceramics
special necklaces (which have an object hanging from them) and objects jugs, cups, containers, etc.) made from clay that has been heated

archaeologists
people who study buildings, graves, objects etc. of people who lived a long time ago

seashells
empty cases or shells of small sea creatures which are often found lying on beaches

the coast
the land next to the sea

the circumstances of her death
how and why she died

the foetal position
lying curled up (the foetal position describes how an unborn child lies when developing inside its mother while she is pregnant)

bound by a cord
tied with a rope

mummified bodies
dead bodies which have been preserved (to stop them rotting or decaying) by being treated with special oils and other substances and being wrapped in cloth

contemporary
something (here, the Pacopampa area) existed at the same time as something else (here, the Chavin and Cupisnique

Peruvian mummy found

Peruvian mummy found

19 sep 2009

عنوان درس: کشف مومیایی پرویی

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تیمی از باستانشناسان ژاپنی و پرویی، موفق به کشف اسکلت زنی شده اند که به اعتقاد آنان نزدیک به سه هزار سال قبل برای قربانی کردن، او را کشته اند.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
At close to 3,000 years old, scientists were amazed at how well preserved the remains were. The woman, named the 'Lady of Pacopampa' after the site in the northern highlands where she was found, stood at just over one and a half metres tall.

She was discovered surrounded by gold necklaces, pendants and ceramics. Archaeologists were also surprised to find jewellery made from seashells as the site where she was found in the Andean Cajamarca region is several hundred miles from the coast and there was little previous evidence of trade between the two areas.

Although the circumstances of her death are still unclear, the Japanese researcher leading the dig, Yuji Seki, said her bones were found in the foetal position with the legs bound by a cord. He added that she was between 30 and 40 years old when she died, considerably older than most mummified bodies found in Peru.

Archaeologists believe the Pacopampa area where she was found was an important ceremonial site, contemporary with the better-known Chavin and Cupisnique cultures.

Dan Collyns, BBC News, Lima

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
how well preserved the remains were
تا چه حد جسد به خوبی حفظ شده

pendants and ceramics
گردن بندهای آویزدار و ظروف سرامیک

archaeologists
باستانشناسان

seashells
گوش ماهی ها، صدف ها

the coast
ساحل

the circumstances of her death
چگونگی مرگ او، اینکه چگونه مرده

the foetal position
حالت جنینی، مانند جنین دست و پا را به طرف سینه بالا آوردن و جمع کردن

bound by a cord
با طناب بسته شده

mummified bodies
اجساد مومیایی شده

contemporary
معاصر

Planes cause rise in CO2 targets

Planes cause rise in CO2 targets.Summary
11 September 2009

The UK's official climate change advisers have warned that households and businesses will have to cut even more emissions than previously planned - up to 90% by 2050 - so the aviation sector can continue to grow.

Reporter:
Roger Harrabin

Report
Aviation is perpetually contentious in debates on climate change. The government says it wants people to be able to fly on holiday. But there's currently no technology that can radically cut emissions from planes.

The Climate Change Committee spells out the implications of that tension. The rest of the economy, it says, may have to cut its emissions 90% by 2050, so people can carry on flying in the meantime. The current target for the whole economy is 80%.

Green groups immediately demanded that the government should scrap its plans to expand Heathrow and other airports.

The Committee says aviation is a global problem, so it needs to be included in any deal in the coming climate change talks at the UN. Emissions from aviation in rich countries should be capped, then forced to return to 2005 levels, it says. Flying in poor countries should be allowed to grow for a while.

The government says it already supports the target of getting aviation emissions down to 2005 levels. But critics doubt ministers' plans for emissions to fall whilst aviation grows.

Roger Harrabin, BBC News

Vocabulary
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is perpetually contentious
constantly causes disagreement

debates
serious discussions involving many people

radically cut emissions
significantly reduce the amounts of harmful gases

spells out the implications
clearly explains what the consequences/results might be

tension
here, an uneasy situation

target
here, certain results that must be achieved

scrap
cancel, abandon, abolish, stop

deal
here, official agreement between many countries

should be capped
should be limited, must not be allowed to grow any further

critics doubt ministers' plans
people who disapprove of ministers' plans say they are not sure they will work

Planes cause rise in CO2 targets
29 sep 2009

موضوع درس: هواپیماها موجب افزایش گاز کربنیک می شوند

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
مشاوران رسمی دولت بریتانیا در امور تغییرات جوی، هشدار داده اند که برای این که بخش هوانوردی بتواند همچنان رشد کند، میزان گاز کربنیکی که در نتیجه مصارف خانگی و نیز کسب و کار تولید می شود باید حتی بیشتر از آن حد که قبلا در نظر گرفته شده بود- تا 90 درصد تا سال 2050- کاهش یابد.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
Aviation is perpetually contentious in debates on climate change. The government says it wants people to be able to fly on holiday. But there's currently no technology that can radically cut emissions from planes.

The Climate Change Committee spells out the implications of that tension. The rest of the economy, it says, may have to cut its emissions 90% by 2050, so people can carry on flying in the meantime. The current target for the whole economy is 80%.

Green groups immediately demanded that the government should scrap its plans to expand Heathrow and other airports.

The Committee says aviation is a global problem, so it needs to be included in any deal in the coming climate change talks at the UN. Emissions from aviation in rich countries should be capped, then forced to return to 2005 levels, it says. Flying in poor countries should be allowed to grow for a while.

The government says it already supports the target of getting aviation emissions down to 2005 levels. But critics doubt ministers' plans for emissions to fall whilst aviation grows.

Roger Harrabin, BBC News

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
is perpetually contentious
دائما موضوع بحث انگیزی است

debates
بحث های جدی

radically cut emissions
کاهش قابل توجه در تولید گازهای مضر

spells out the implications
پی آمدهایش را به وضوح شرح می دهد

tension
تنش

target
هدف، در اینجا: هدف تعیین شده ای که باید در زمان معین به آن دست یافت

scrap
لغو کردن، کنار گذاشتن

deal
در اینجا: توافق رسمی چند کشور

should be capped
باید محدود شود، باید سقفی برای آن تعیین شود

critics doubt ministers' plans
منتقدان به برنامه های وزیران با شک و بدبینی نگاه می کنند، منتقدان مطمئن نیستند نقشه های وزیران به نتیجه خواهد رسید

lundi 22 août 2011

lundi 15 août 2011

Earth-orbit ‘sweeper’ proposed

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Words and Their Stories

Words and Their Stories: Money, Part 1

Words and Their Stories: Money, Part 3

Words and Their Stories: Money, Part 2

vendredi 5 août 2011

jeudi 4 août 2011

mardi 2 août 2011

Air France crash. Who's to blame?

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dimanche 31 juillet 2011

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