Peruvian mummy found

Peruvian mummy found

19 sep 2009



عنوان درس: کشف مومیایی پرویی


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تیمی از باستانشناسان ژاپنی و پرویی، موفق به کشف اسکلت زنی شده اند که به اعتقاد آنان نزدیک به سه هزار سال قبل برای قربانی کردن، او را کشته اند.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
At close to 3,000 years old, scientists were amazed at how well preserved the remains were. The woman, named the 'Lady of Pacopampa' after the site in the northern highlands where she was found, stood at just over one and a half metres tall.

She was discovered surrounded by gold necklaces, pendants and ceramics. Archaeologists were also surprised to find jewellery made from seashells as the site where she was found in the Andean Cajamarca region is several hundred miles from the coast and there was little previous evidence of trade between the two areas.

Although the circumstances of her death are still unclear, the Japanese researcher leading the dig, Yuji Seki, said her bones were found in the foetal position with the legs bound by a cord. He added that she was between 30 and 40 years old when she died, considerably older than most mummified bodies found in Peru.

Archaeologists believe the Pacopampa area where she was found was an important ceremonial site, contemporary with the better-known Chavin and Cupisnique cultures.

Dan Collyns, BBC News, Lima

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
how well preserved the remains were
تا چه حد جسد به خوبی حفظ شده

pendants and ceramics
گردن بندهای آویزدار و ظروف سرامیک

archaeologists
باستانشناسان

seashells
گوش ماهی ها، صدف ها

the coast
ساحل

the circumstances of her death
چگونگی مرگ او، اینکه چگونه مرده

the foetal position
حالت جنینی، مانند جنین دست و پا را به طرف سینه بالا آوردن و جمع کردن

bound by a cord
با طناب بسته شده

mummified bodies
اجساد مومیایی شده

contemporary
معاصر

Planes cause rise in CO2 targets

Planes cause rise in CO2 targets.Summary
11 September 2009

The UK's official climate change advisers have warned that households and businesses will have to cut even more emissions than previously planned - up to 90% by 2050 - so the aviation sector can continue to grow.

Reporter:
Roger Harrabin


Report
Aviation is perpetually contentious in debates on climate change. The government says it wants people to be able to fly on holiday. But there's currently no technology that can radically cut emissions from planes.

The Climate Change Committee spells out the implications of that tension. The rest of the economy, it says, may have to cut its emissions 90% by 2050, so people can carry on flying in the meantime. The current target for the whole economy is 80%.

Green groups immediately demanded that the government should scrap its plans to expand Heathrow and other airports.

The Committee says aviation is a global problem, so it needs to be included in any deal in the coming climate change talks at the UN. Emissions from aviation in rich countries should be capped, then forced to return to 2005 levels, it says. Flying in poor countries should be allowed to grow for a while.

The government says it already supports the target of getting aviation emissions down to 2005 levels. But critics doubt ministers' plans for emissions to fall whilst aviation grows.

Roger Harrabin, BBC News

Vocabulary
Show All Hide All
is perpetually contentious
constantly causes disagreement

debates
serious discussions involving many people

radically cut emissions
significantly reduce the amounts of harmful gases

spells out the implications
clearly explains what the consequences/results might be

tension
here, an uneasy situation

target
here, certain results that must be achieved

scrap
cancel, abandon, abolish, stop

deal
here, official agreement between many countries

should be capped
should be limited, must not be allowed to grow any further

critics doubt ministers' plans
people who disapprove of ministers' plans say they are not sure they will work

Planes cause rise in CO2 targets
29 sep 2009



موضوع درس: هواپیماها موجب افزایش گاز کربنیک می شوند


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مشاوران رسمی دولت بریتانیا در امور تغییرات جوی، هشدار داده اند که برای این که بخش هوانوردی بتواند همچنان رشد کند، میزان گاز کربنیکی که در نتیجه مصارف خانگی و نیز کسب و کار تولید می شود باید حتی بیشتر از آن حد که قبلا در نظر گرفته شده بود- تا 90 درصد تا سال 2050- کاهش یابد.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
Aviation is perpetually contentious in debates on climate change. The government says it wants people to be able to fly on holiday. But there's currently no technology that can radically cut emissions from planes.

The Climate Change Committee spells out the implications of that tension. The rest of the economy, it says, may have to cut its emissions 90% by 2050, so people can carry on flying in the meantime. The current target for the whole economy is 80%.

Green groups immediately demanded that the government should scrap its plans to expand Heathrow and other airports.

The Committee says aviation is a global problem, so it needs to be included in any deal in the coming climate change talks at the UN. Emissions from aviation in rich countries should be capped, then forced to return to 2005 levels, it says. Flying in poor countries should be allowed to grow for a while.

The government says it already supports the target of getting aviation emissions down to 2005 levels. But critics doubt ministers' plans for emissions to fall whilst aviation grows.

Roger Harrabin, BBC News

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
is perpetually contentious
دائما موضوع بحث انگیزی است

debates
بحث های جدی

radically cut emissions
کاهش قابل توجه در تولید گازهای مضر

spells out the implications
پی آمدهایش را به وضوح شرح می دهد

tension
تنش

target
هدف، در اینجا: هدف تعیین شده ای که باید در زمان معین به آن دست یافت

scrap
لغو کردن، کنار گذاشتن

deal
در اینجا: توافق رسمی چند کشور

should be capped
باید محدود شود، باید سقفی برای آن تعیین شود

critics doubt ministers' plans
منتقدان به برنامه های وزیران با شک و بدبینی نگاه می کنند، منتقدان مطمئن نیستند نقشه های وزیران به نتیجه خواهد رسید

price william

Summary
23 September 2009

Prince William has been speaking for the first time about his charitable work. The Prince is patron of 12 organisations. He says he wants to be more than just a royal 'ornament'.

Reporter:
Peter Hunt





This is part of Prince William's solution to an age-old royal challenge - what to do as a future king while you wait to fulfil your destiny. As well as pursuing his military career, William has been encouraging the charities he's patron of to work together. This has led, for example, to the mountain rescue service taking some young homeless people from the charity, Centrepoint, up a Cumbrian mountain to improve their self-confidence. Prince William says he's trying to make a difference.

Prince William: 'I think there's a time and a place for being an ornament. You know, shaking hands and being at an engagement and showing support in that way. But I think there's an awful lot more from actually doing stuff, and this is an example of what I just want to actually be more involved in, doing a slightly different angle on it.'

Prince William and Prince Harry are also setting up a charitable foundation so they can give grants to organisations they support.

Peter Hunt, BBC News


Vocabulary
Show All Hide All
an age-old royal challenge
a very old problem or puzzle for people in the royal family

to fulfil your destiny
to do what you were born or destined to do (for example Prince William was born to be King)

pursuing
trying to do or achieve something, usually over a long period of time

he's patron of
he's a very important supporter of

to improve their self-confidence
to make them feel more confident about their own abilities and themselves, to give them a more positive attitude about what they can do and achieve

to make a difference
to make things better, to improve them

there's a time and a place for being an ornament
while it's appropriate at certain times to be someone that people want to look at, to be on display, at other times, it isn't. (An ornament is an object that is nice to look at but not very useful)

being at an engagement
attending a public function

actually doing stuff
being actively involved, participating (rather than just being an observer)

doing a slightly different angle
thinking about things in a different or unconventional way (note: the usual expression is 'coming at it from a different angle'

Prince William

Royal charity action role
02 oct 2009



عنوان درس: فعالیت های خیریه عضو خانواده سلطنتی


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پرنس ویلیام (پسر پرنس چارلز ولیعهد بریتانیا) برای اولین بار در باره کارهای خیریه خود صحبت کرده است. پرنس ویلیام حامی و سرپرست دوازده سازمان خیریه است. او می گوید می خواهد چیزی بیشتر از تنها یک 'تزئین' سلطنتی باشد.

به گزارش گوش بدهيد
This is part of Prince William's solution to an age-old royal challenge - what to do as a future king while you wait to fulfil your destiny. As well as pursuing his military career, William has been encouraging the charities he's patron of to work together. This has led, for example, to the mountain rescue service taking some young homeless people from the charity, Centrepoint, up a Cumbrian mountain to improve their self-confidence. Prince William says he's trying to make a difference.

Prince William: 'I think there's a time and a place for being an ornament. You know, shaking hands and being at an engagement and showing support in that way. But I think there's an awful lot more from actually doing stuff, and this is an example of what I just want to actually be more involved in, doing a slightly different angle on it.'

Prince William and Prince Harry are also setting up a charitable foundation so they can give grants to organisations they support.

Peter Hunt, BBC News

به کلمات گوش بدهيد
an age-old royal challenge
یک مشکل دیرینه برای خانواده سلطنتی

to fulfil your destiny
انجام دادن آنچه که سرنوشت تعیین کرده

pursuing
دنبال کردن هدف ( معمولا برای یک دوره طولانی)

he's patron of
او حامی مهم و سرپرست .......( 12 سازمان خیریه ) است

to improve their self-confidence
تقویت حس اعتماد به نفس آنان ( جوانان بیخانمان)

to make a difference
تغییردادن وضعیت

there's a time and a place for being an ornament
یک وسیله تزیینی بودن مربوط به زمان و مکان بخصوصی است

being at an engagement
حضور در مراسم عمومی

actually doing stuff
در اینجا: شرکت داشتن فعالانه در رویدادها ( نه این که تنها ناظر بود)

doing a slightly different angle
نگاه کردن به مسائل از یک زاویه متفاوت، با دید متفاوتی به مسائل نگاه کردن

The feminine Mystique is a book written by Betty Friedan in 1963. It explores the life of a middle class, educated housewife in suburbia. The feminine mystique is something that traps a woman. It is a struggle between having a career and being a "good" mother and wife. When being held captive in the feminine mystique a woman can lose her identity within her family and domesticity.


Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_feminine_mystique#ixzz1Th6fi84L


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the unfulfilled feeling felt by educated housewives, specifically referencing the 50s and 60s, wherein the housewife lost her identity and sense of self to a life centered around a husband, children, and home maintenance and little else. It was a trap felt by american women who were afraid to address the problem for fear of being perceived as "unfeminine" for not having orgasms mopping the kitchen floor.


Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_definition_of_feminine_mystique#ixzz1Th5usPAW

Money part 1

Words and Their Stories

Words and Their Stories: Money, Part 1

04 December 2010

Double-click any word to find the definition in the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary

Or download MP3 (Right-click or option-click and save link)

Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.

I think people everywhere dream about having lots of money. I know I do. I would give anything to make money hand over fist. I would like to earn large amounts of money. You could win a large amount of money in the United States through lotteries. People pay money for tickets with numbers. If your combination of numbers is chosen, you win a huge amount of money – often in the millions. Winning the lottery is a windfall.

A few years ago, my friend Al won the lottery. It changed his life. He did not have a rich family. He was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth. Instead, my friend was always hard up for cash. He did not have much money. And the money he did earn was chicken feed – very little.

Sometimes Al even had to accept hand-outs, gifts from his family and friends. But do not get me wrong. My friend was not a deadbeat. He was not the kind of person who never paid the money he owed. He simply pinched pennies. He was always very careful with the money he spent. In fact, he was often a cheapskate. He did not like to spend money. The worst times were when he was flat broke and had no money at all.

One day, Al scraped together a few dollars for a lottery ticket. He thought he would never strike it rich or gain lots of money unexpectedly. But his combination of numbers was chosen and he won the lottery. He hit the jackpot. He won a great deal of money.

Al was so excited. The first thing he did was buy a costly new car. He splurged on the one thing that he normally would not buy. Then he started spending money on unnecessary things. He started to waste it. It was like he had money to burn. He had more money than he needed and it was burning a hole in his pocket so he spent it quickly.

When we got together for a meal at a restaurant, Al paid every time. He would always foot the bill, and pick up the tab. He told me the money made him feel like a million dollars. He was very happy.

But, Al spent too much money. Soon my friend was down and out again. He had no money left. He was back to being strapped for cash. He had spent his bottom dollar, his very last amount. He did not even build up a nest egg. He had not saved any of the money.

I admit I do feel sorry for my friend. He had enough money to live like a king. Instead, he is back to living on a shoestring -- a very low budget. Some might say he is penny wise and pound foolish. He was wise about small things, but not about important things.

(MUSIC)

WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, in VOA Special English, was written by Jill Moss. I’m Faith Lapidus.

• Print
  
  scrape together :
  To amass or produce with difficulty: scrape together some cash.

strapped for cash :lacking money


nest egg : An artificial or natural egg placed in a nest to induce a bird to continue to lay eggs in that place.
2. A sum of money put by as a reserve


splurged :To spend extravagantly or wastefully.

windfall : an unexpected amount of money that you get as a gift, prize, etc. ▪ They received a windfall because of the tax cuts.

cheapskate : a miserly person

strike it rich Informal
To have sudden financial success.


informel
adj. informel, informelle
Qui n'obéit pas à des règles déterminées; qui n'a pas un caractère officiel: Une rencontre informelle entre deux chefs d'État.

hard up Informal
In need; poor.
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flat broke : to have absolutely no money
I can't come with you. I'm flat broke.
He won't be able to participate because he's flat broke.

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chiken feed :
noncount] informal : an amount of money that is too small to be considered important ▪ The project cost almost a million dollars, which isn't exactly chicken feed. ▪ Ten bucks? That's chicken feed!

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hand-outs
1. clothing, food, or money given to a needy person

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owe :
devoir.
être redevable.

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pinch pennies informal :

to be very careful about spending money : to spend as little money as possible ▪ He pinched pennies to live on his small paycheck

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down and out :
Meaning:
[more down–and–out; most down–and–out] informal : very poor and without hope : having no money, job, etc. ▪ No one would help him when he was down-and-out. ▪ a movie about a down-and-out musician living on the streets

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Make money hand over fist - make money very quickly